2000 SPACE SCIENCE VIDEOTAPES |
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Tape Title | Record ID | Date Produced | TRT: |
Synopsis |
| PREDICTING ARRIVAL OF CMES | G00-060 | 06/19/00 | 00:08:05 | Using a new model, scientists are able to predict the arrival of a CME (Coronal Mass Ejection) into the Earth's magnetosphere to within a window of 12 hours. Thanks to measurements from two orbiting satellites and data from three previous missions, the new method, called the Empirical CME Arrival Model, stands to benefit those systems affected by space storms such as satellite communication and power systems.
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TAPE CONTENTS: |
| ITEM (1): CME Animation - Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are violent discharges of electrically charged gas from the Sun's corona. The largest explosions in the solar system, CMEs launch up to 10 billion tons of ionized gas into space at speeds of one to two million miles an hour.
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| ITEM (2): CME Prediction Method - This animation is meant to illustrate the Empirical CME Arrival Model which uses the calculated speed of the CME as it's headed toward Earth, to figure out when it will arrive within half a day. The better lead-time allows for preparations for orbiting satellites, power systems, and even satellite communications. SOHO is located in front of Earth's magnetosphere.
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| ITEM (3): SOHO / LASCO CME - The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) recorded these sequences of a dramatic full-halo coronal mass ejection. When a solar ejection is aimed directly at the Earth, it appears like an expanding halo around the Sun. These were captured June 6, 2000 by the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) camera. Credit: NASA/ESA
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| ITEM (4): Flares On The Sun - This view from SOHO's Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) shows two powerful x-class solar flares in rapid succession. The flares were associated with large CMEs that blasted billions of tons of matter off the surface of the Sun at speeds of up to two million miles per hour. These images were captured on June 6, 2000. Credit: NASA/ESA
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| ITEM (5): SOHO Satellite
- The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) allows scientists to estimate the CMEs initial speed by measuring how quickly it expands across SOHO's field of view as it is ejected into space towards Earth. SOHO is unable to see the true three-dimensions of the CME and how quickly the CME is approaching Earth because it is located directly in line between the Earth and Sun. Credit: NASA/ESA
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| ITEM (6): WIND Satellite - - The WIND spacecraft detects the magnetic field carried by CME clouds, but its location only allows about an hour's notice. It can estimate how severe the space storm will be by measuring the direction of the magnetic field.
Credit: NASA
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| ITEM (7): Early Views Of The Sun - An image taken in 1979 by HELIOS-1 reflects one of our earliest views of the Sun's activities. A precursor to WIND, it was designed to study gamma ray bursts and operated from 1976 to 1981. Its data regarding CMEs was provided scientists with true speed measurements of CMEs that allowed for the CME Model. Credit: NASA
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| ITEM (8): Pioneer Venus Orbiter -The Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) provided vital information to scientists regarding the behaviors of CMEs and was especially useful because it was able to measure the true speed of CMEs thanks to its location near the Sun. The PVO launched in 1978 and orbited Venus from 1980-1992. Credit: NASA
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| ITEM (9): Scientist B-Roll Credit: NASA
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| ITEM (10): Blackout B-Roll Credit: NASA
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| ITEM (11): Scientist B-Roll - Dr. Natchimuthuk Gopalswamy (Go-paul-swamy), Solar Physicist, is the lead author of the paper outlining the Empirical CME Arrival Model. Credit: NASA
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