First Record for the 2003 Earth Science Videotapes

2003 EARTH SCIENCE VIDEOTAPES

Tape Title	Record ID	Date Produced	TRT:	Synopsis
STUDY FINDS SPACE SHUTTLE EXHAUST CREATES NIGHT-SHINING CLOUDS	G03-027	06/2/03	00:00:00	Observations of noctilucent clouds in the late 20th century have heightened the interest in this curious phenomenon. A new study funded jointly by NASA and the Naval Research Laboratory shows evidence that space shuttle water vapor exhaust can travel to the arctic where it freezes and forms into the Earth's highest clouds called noctilucent clouds. Noctilucent clouds form at an altitude of 51 miles (82 km) in the atmospheric layer directly below the thermosphere called the mesosphere.
TAPE CONTENTS:
ITEM (1): Shuttle Launches and Exhaust Plumes - Exhaust from the space shuttle's main engines is almost entirely water vapor. About 44 percent of the water vapor released from the main engines gets injected in the thermosphere at altitudes of 67 to 71 miles (108 to 114 km). The study used the Naval Research Laboratory's Middle Atmosphere High Resolution Spectrograph Investigation (MAHRSI) launched on the shuttle for eight days of observations in 1997. It allowed scientists to look back and follow the rapid transport of the shuttle's exhaust plume. The study found that this water vapor can be transported all the way to the Arctic in a little over a day. There is currently no explanation for why the water vapor moves so quickly. *Courtesy: NASA*
ITEM (2): Noctilucent Cloud Animation - Because of their high altitude, near the edge of space, noctilucent clouds shine at night when the Sun's rays hit them from below while the lower atmosphere is bathed in darkness. They typically form in the cold, summer polar mesosphere and are made of water ice crystals. *Courtesy: NASA*
ITEM (3): Images of Noctilucent Clouds - The first recorded observation of noctilucent clouds appeared in Robert Leslie's paper published in the July 16, 1885 issue of the British Journal Nature. Leslie notes observing these clouds in 1883. Those observations may have been related to the Krakatoa volcanic explosion in August, 1883. Originally, called "glowing clouds" they are normally seen during the summer in near the Earth's polar regions, yet they have been seen as far south as Utah. Finnish photographer Pekka Parviainen took the following images of noctilucent clouds. These noctilucent clouds, while similar in form to cirrus clouds, are at an altitude of approximately 51 miles, or 82 kilometers, and can be seen well after sunset. For print resolution please contact Mr. Parviainen at pekpar@utu.fi . More images of noctilucent clouds can be seen on his web site located at: http://www.polarimage.fi Image 1: Turku, Finland 27/28 Jul 1989 at 22.54UT. This image shows a crescent moon in the upper right with the comparably bright noctilucent clouds. This image was taken well after sunset. (vy05214) Image 2: Turku, Finland 8/9 Aug 1994 at 23.45UT The street lights of Turku can be seen in this noctilucent cloud image. (vy09323) Image 3: Kustavi, Finland Aug 1996 approximately 23.30UT. In this image, typical tropospheric clouds can be seen in the foreground that are not illuminated because the sun has set, however the noctilucent clouds remain illuminated in the background. (vy11331) Image 4: Turku, Finland 2/3 Aug 2000 approximately 23UT. This image of nightfall in Turku, Finland with water beyond, shows extraordinary structure in the noctilucent clouds above. (vy15322) Image 5: Kustavi, Finland 27/28 Jul 2001 approximately 23UT. This image shows a unique herringbone structure illuminating the water below and a gold hue on the horizon. (vy17143) Image 6: Turku, Finland 31/1 Aug 2001 22.57UT. This image shows the clouds' unique structure as well as lights on by the harbor below. (vy17843) *Courtesy: Pekka Parviainen, Polar Image, Finland*
ITEM (4): Interview Excerpts With Michael Stevens, Research Physicist, Naval Research Laboratory

NOTE: The material advertised on this page is a "Video File" and is strictly recommended for the media and production companies. This is NOT a finished production and contains no narration.

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Earth Science Gallery

2003 EARTH SCIENCE VIDEOTAPES

Tape Title

Record ID

Date Produced

TRT:

Synopsis

TAPE CONTENTS:

NOTE: The material advertised on this page is a "Video File" and is strictly recommended for the media and production companies. This is NOT a finished production and contains no narration.